{"id":87522,"date":"2020-07-18T06:24:00","date_gmt":"2020-07-18T12:24:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.featheredphotography.com\/blog\/?p=87522"},"modified":"2020-07-18T11:02:48","modified_gmt":"2020-07-18T17:02:48","slug":"brood-parasitism-of-song-sparrows-by-brown-headed-cowbirds","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/featheredphotography.com\/blog\/2020\/07\/18\/brood-parasitism-of-song-sparrows-by-brown-headed-cowbirds\/","title":{"rendered":"Brood Parasitism of Song Sparrows by Brown-headed Cowbirds"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>It isn&#8217;t easy to watch as parasitic fledgling cowbirds run their adopted Song Sparrow parents ragged as they relentlessly follow the sparrows around and beg for food.<\/p>\n<p>For the past several weeks at one of my favorite birding spots in the mountains fledgling cowbirds begging for food from their host species parents has been a very common occurrence. At this location the host species has nearly always been Song Sparrows.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"87525\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/featheredphotography.com\/blog\/2020\/07\/18\/brood-parasitism-of-song-sparrows-by-brown-headed-cowbirds\/song-sparrow-8016-ron-dudley\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/featheredphotography.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/song-sparrow-8016-ron-dudley.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"900,643\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;8&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;RON DUDLEY&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;Canon EOS 7D Mark II&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1594190169&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;700&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;800&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.000625&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"song sparrow 8016 ron dudley\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/featheredphotography.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/song-sparrow-8016-ron-dudley.jpg\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-87525 size-full\" title=\"song-sparrow-8016-ron-dudley.\" src=\"https:\/\/featheredphotography.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/song-sparrow-8016-ron-dudley.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"900\" height=\"643\" srcset=\"https:\/\/featheredphotography.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/song-sparrow-8016-ron-dudley.jpg 900w, https:\/\/featheredphotography.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/song-sparrow-8016-ron-dudley-300x214.jpg 300w, https:\/\/featheredphotography.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/song-sparrow-8016-ron-dudley-768x549.jpg 768w, https:\/\/featheredphotography.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/song-sparrow-8016-ron-dudley-150x107.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>These first three photos were taken three days ago in rare moments when the young cowbirds weren&#8217;t hounding their adoptive parents for food. Most of the time the cowbird fledglings would follow the Song Sparrow adult everywhere it went and they were relentless about begging for food, to the point that I had great sympathy for the sparrow who had to be exhausted.<\/p>\n<p>Here it may look like it&#8217;s the sparrow doing the begging but that&#8217;s not the case &#8211; it was just turning on its perch.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"87524\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/featheredphotography.com\/blog\/2020\/07\/18\/brood-parasitism-of-song-sparrows-by-brown-headed-cowbirds\/song-sparrow-8004-ron-dudley\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/featheredphotography.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/song-sparrow-8004-ron-dudley.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"900,643\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;6.3&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;RON DUDLEY&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;Canon EOS 7D Mark II&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1594190147&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;700&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;800&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.0004&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"song sparrow 8004 ron dudley\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/featheredphotography.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/song-sparrow-8004-ron-dudley.jpg\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-87524 size-full\" title=\"song-sparrow-8004-ron-dudley\" src=\"https:\/\/featheredphotography.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/song-sparrow-8004-ron-dudley.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"900\" height=\"643\" srcset=\"https:\/\/featheredphotography.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/song-sparrow-8004-ron-dudley.jpg 900w, https:\/\/featheredphotography.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/song-sparrow-8004-ron-dudley-300x214.jpg 300w, https:\/\/featheredphotography.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/song-sparrow-8004-ron-dudley-768x549.jpg 768w, https:\/\/featheredphotography.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/song-sparrow-8004-ron-dudley-150x107.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>The sparrow turned its back on the young cowbird who seemed to sense that there would be no food for the time being so it briefly relented in its begging.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"87526\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/featheredphotography.com\/blog\/2020\/07\/18\/brood-parasitism-of-song-sparrows-by-brown-headed-cowbirds\/song-sparrow-8032-ron-dudley\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/featheredphotography.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/song-sparrow-8032-ron-dudley.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"900,643\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;6.3&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;RON DUDLEY&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;Canon EOS 7D Mark II&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1594190189&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;700&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;800&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.0003125&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"song sparrow 8032 ron dudley\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/featheredphotography.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/song-sparrow-8032-ron-dudley.jpg\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-87526 size-full\" title=\"song-sparrow-8032-ron-dudley\" src=\"https:\/\/featheredphotography.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/song-sparrow-8032-ron-dudley.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"900\" height=\"643\" srcset=\"https:\/\/featheredphotography.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/song-sparrow-8032-ron-dudley.jpg 900w, https:\/\/featheredphotography.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/song-sparrow-8032-ron-dudley-300x214.jpg 300w, https:\/\/featheredphotography.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/song-sparrow-8032-ron-dudley-768x549.jpg 768w, https:\/\/featheredphotography.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/song-sparrow-8032-ron-dudley-150x107.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Given the situation I have no idea what this poor Song Sparrow had to sing about. Perhaps it was singing the blues.<\/p>\n<p>The very next day and at the same location where these first three photos were taken I documented (poorly) the ultimate source of cowbird parasitism.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"87523\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/featheredphotography.com\/blog\/2020\/07\/18\/brood-parasitism-of-song-sparrows-by-brown-headed-cowbirds\/brown-headed-cowbird-8923-ron-dudley\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/featheredphotography.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/brown-headed-cowbird-8923-ron-dudley.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"900,643\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;6.3&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;RON DUDLEY&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;Canon EOS 7D Mark II&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1594278145&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;700&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;800&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.0003125&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"brown-headed cowbird 8923 ron dudley\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/featheredphotography.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/brown-headed-cowbird-8923-ron-dudley.jpg\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-87523 size-full\" title=\"brown-headed-cowbird-8923-ron-dudley\" src=\"https:\/\/featheredphotography.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/brown-headed-cowbird-8923-ron-dudley.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"900\" height=\"643\" srcset=\"https:\/\/featheredphotography.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/brown-headed-cowbird-8923-ron-dudley.jpg 900w, https:\/\/featheredphotography.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/brown-headed-cowbird-8923-ron-dudley-300x214.jpg 300w, https:\/\/featheredphotography.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/brown-headed-cowbird-8923-ron-dudley-768x549.jpg 768w, https:\/\/featheredphotography.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/brown-headed-cowbird-8923-ron-dudley-150x107.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Cowbird sex.<\/p>\n<p>I noticed the female on top of the tree displaying solicitation behavior so I fired a burst in hopes I&#8217;d get the male coming in to mate with her. This is the best photo I managed to get, the actual mating shots didn&#8217;t turn out well at all.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Brown-headed Cowbird brood parasitism:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>As brood parasites female cowbirds lay their eggs in the nest of another species for the host species to brood and provide care for their young.<\/li>\n<li>Cowbirds never build their own nests.<\/li>\n<li>Cowbirds never develop brood patches, despite normal levels of the hormone that induces brood patches in other species.<\/li>\n<li>Host species adults always feed parasitic cowbird fledglings more food then they do their own fledglings.<\/li>\n<li>In areas where both species occur Song Sparrows are a favorite host for Brown-headed Cowbirds. I&#8217;ve also seen cowbirds parasitize significant numbers of Savannah Sparrows.<\/li>\n<li>Cowbirds are known to parasitize 144 host species ranging in size from 10 gram creepers, kinglets and gnatcatchers to 150 gram meadowlarks.<\/li>\n<li>Research suggests the most deleterious effect of cowbird parasitism on their host species is nest destruction. Cowbirds destroy nests that are otherwise unavailable for parasitism because of late incubation, young nestlings etc., which forces the potential hosts to build new nests that can then be parasitized. In effect cowbirds are &#8220;farming&#8221; their host species.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>When I photographed the mating cowbirds I tried to look at the bright side. If cowbirds are still mating in the latter part of July it suggests that their host species, various kinds of songbirds, are still in the early stages of a reproduction cycle too.<\/p>\n<p>For all of us who love birds that&#8217;s a good thing.<\/p>\n<p>Ron<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em>Note: I&#8217;ve taken many photos of fledgling cowbirds actually chasing Song Sparrows and begging for food at this location. But the birds have usually been far away on the muddy streambank and because of depth of field issues at least one of them has typically been soft so I haven&#8217;t included any of those photos today.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>It isn&#8217;t easy to watch as parasitic fledgling cowbirds run their adopted Song Sparrow parents ragged as they relentlessly follow the sparrows around and beg for food.<\/p>\n<p> <a class=\"continue-reading-link\" href=\"https:\/\/featheredphotography.com\/blog\/2020\/07\/18\/brood-parasitism-of-song-sparrows-by-brown-headed-cowbirds\/\"><span>Continue reading<\/span><i class=\"crycon-right-dir\"><\/i><\/a> <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":87525,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[334,1291,8,391,523],"tags":[1675,780,5245,783,1016,5244,290],"class_list":["post-87522","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-birds","category-brown-headed-cowbird-birds","category-ecology-and-environment","category-nesting-and-mating","category-song-sparrows","tag-brood-parasitism","tag-brown-headed-cowbird","tag-cowbirds-farming-host-species","tag-host-species","tag-mating","tag-nest-destruction","tag-song-sparrow"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/featheredphotography.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/song-sparrow-8016-ron-dudley.jpg","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p1zzJh-mLE","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/featheredphotography.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/87522","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/featheredphotography.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/featheredphotography.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/featheredphotography.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/featheredphotography.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=87522"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/featheredphotography.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/87522\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/featheredphotography.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/87525"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/featheredphotography.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=87522"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/featheredphotography.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=87522"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/featheredphotography.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=87522"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}