{"id":166664,"date":"2025-02-06T06:05:43","date_gmt":"2025-02-06T13:05:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.featheredphotography.com\/blog\/?p=166664"},"modified":"2025-02-06T08:08:18","modified_gmt":"2025-02-06T15:08:18","slug":"capitalization-of-bird-names","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/featheredphotography.com\/blog\/2025\/02\/06\/capitalization-of-bird-names\/","title":{"rendered":"Capitalization Of Bird Names"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>For many years Feathered Photography&#8217;s most popular post, based on number of views, has been <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff; text-decoration: underline;\"><a style=\"color: #3366ff; text-decoration: underline;\" href=\"https:\/\/featheredphotography.com\/blog\/2013\/01\/27\/a-guide-to-aging-bald-eagles\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">A Guide To Aging Bald Eagles<\/a><\/span><\/span>. But based on strong circumstantial evidence (so far I&#8217;ve resisted upgrading MonsterInsights for $99 per year in order to get precise numbers), that honor now goes to another post, Capitalization Of Bird Common Names, published almost exactly seven years ago.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>A quick review of that post revealed that it needed some serious tweaking so today I&#8217;m rerunning it after correcting some usage errors, modifying the formatting and changing the title.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>I try hard to write coherently and correctly but it doesn&#8217;t come easily for me and I regularly make mistakes. After all, I taught biology, not English, and I&#8217;m really just a semi grown-up farm boy from Montana.<\/p>\n<p>But when your writing is put out there for the world to see, you want to compose it as well as possible. At least I do. Thankfully, I have a couple of friends who occasionally message me privately immediately after I&#8217;ve published a blog post and point out any glaring grammatical or usage errors so I can correct them before they&#8217;ve been seen by most of my readers. Thank you, Sue and Shari.<\/p>\n<p>I&#8217;m not anal about it but I do like to get it as close to right as possible.<\/p>\n<p>One of the issues I struggled with at the beginning of my blogging career was proper capitalization of bird common names. For generations the general rule by convention and in many style guides has been that common names of mammals, birds, insects, fish and other life forms are not capitalized. It was grizzly bear, not Grizzly Bear.<\/p>\n<p>But with birds I&#8217;d often see it both ways so initially I was really confused. Most media outlets don&#8217;t capitalize common names of birds and many generally trusted online resources, such as <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff; text-decoration: underline;\"><a style=\"color: #3366ff; text-decoration: underline;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dailywritingtips.com\/when-to-capitalize-animal-and-plant-names\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Daily Writing Tips,<\/a><\/span><\/span> say they shouldn&#8217;t be capitalized:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>&#8221;\u00a0animal names are not capitalized (\u201cI spotted a red-tailed hawk,\u201d not \u201cI spotted a Red-Tailed Hawk\u201d), except when an element of the name is a proper noun, as in \u201cSteller\u2019s jay\u201d and \u201cSiberian tiger.\u201d<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Few technical writing errors drive editors and others to distraction like superfluous capitalization does &#8211; to the point that they&#8217;ve given the practice its own name, &#8220;capitalitis&#8221;. They&#8217;ve even assigned a causative agent to the condition and given it a scientific name, <em>Uppercasis ludicrosii. <\/em>Gotta admit, I like their humor even if I don&#8217;t agree with them when it comes to common names of <em>specific<\/em> animal and plant species, birds especially.<\/p>\n<p>The tug-of-war between advocates of title case (capitalization) and sentence case (non-capitalization) of bird common names has taken a turn recently.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"48842\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/featheredphotography.com\/blog\/2017\/06\/07\/yellow-warbler\/yellow-warbler-6738-ron-dudley\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/featheredphotography.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/yellow-warbler-6738-ron-dudley.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"900,713\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;6.3&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;RON DUDLEY&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;Canon EOS 7D Mark II&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1496739371&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;700&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;640&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.00025&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"yellow warbler 6738 ron dudley\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/featheredphotography.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/yellow-warbler-6738-ron-dudley.jpg\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-48842 size-full\" title=\"yellow-warbler-6738-ron-dudley\" src=\"https:\/\/featheredphotography.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/yellow-warbler-6738-ron-dudley.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"900\" height=\"713\" srcset=\"https:\/\/featheredphotography.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/yellow-warbler-6738-ron-dudley.jpg 900w, https:\/\/featheredphotography.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/yellow-warbler-6738-ron-dudley-300x238.jpg 300w, https:\/\/featheredphotography.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/yellow-warbler-6738-ron-dudley-768x608.jpg 768w, https:\/\/featheredphotography.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/yellow-warbler-6738-ron-dudley-150x119.jpg 150w, https:\/\/featheredphotography.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/yellow-warbler-6738-ron-dudley-400x317.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Yellow Warbler<\/em><\/p>\n<p>I&#8217;m generally familiar with the rules about the differences between proper capitalization of common and proper nouns but writing &#8220;I spotted a yellow warbler&#8221; just doesn&#8217;t cut it. Many species of warblers are yellow, so what species was the bird &#8211; a Prothonotary Warbler? a Wilson&#8217;s Warbler? a Canada Warbler? Or one of the many other warbler species that are mostly yellow? All that original statement tells the reader is that the warbler was yellow.<\/p>\n<p>But writing &#8220;I spotted a Yellow Warbler&#8221; specifies the exact species. &#8220;She saw a white-throated sparrow&#8221; doesn&#8217;t say squat because there are several sparrows with white throats. But &#8220;She saw a White-throated Sparrow&#8221; lets readers know the precise species with no confusion or equivocation.<\/p>\n<p>After many years of almost bloody fighting over that distinction, most respected birding resources have taken the same path and are now capitalizing common names of birds (though the same thing hasn&#8217;t happened, at least not yet, with many other organisms such as mammals and plants). A few cases in point:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Every one of my bird field guides, including Sibley, National Geographic, Audubon, and the American Museum of Natural History uses title case for bird common names.<\/li>\n<li>In 2014 <em>Audubon<\/em> magazine, after what has been described as a &#8220;blood bath&#8221;\u00a0involving contentious editors, vice-presidents and ornithologists, adopted title case for their publications and websites.<\/li>\n<li>As far as I know, all other bird-oriented publications and organizations use title case for birds &#8211; including <em>Auk<\/em>, The American Ornithological Society and others.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>However, at about the same time that Audubon decreed for title case, Wikipedia chose the low road and went for sentence case for birds, so that only confuses the matter.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>But here at Feathered Photography it&#8217;s title case for birds. Always has been and always will be.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"44731\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/featheredphotography.com\/blog\/2017\/01\/01\/my-favorite-photo-from-2016-any-guesses\/golden-eagle-5979b-ron-dudley\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/featheredphotography.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/golden-eagle-5979b-ron-dudley.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"900,643\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;7.1&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;RON DUDLEY&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;Canon EOS 7D Mark II&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1474794589&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;700&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;640&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.0008&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"golden-eagle-5979b-ron-dudley\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/featheredphotography.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/golden-eagle-5979b-ron-dudley.jpg\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-44731 size-full\" title=\"golden-eagle-5979b-ron-dudley\" src=\"https:\/\/featheredphotography.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/golden-eagle-5979b-ron-dudley.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"900\" height=\"643\" srcset=\"https:\/\/featheredphotography.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/golden-eagle-5979b-ron-dudley.jpg 900w, https:\/\/featheredphotography.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/golden-eagle-5979b-ron-dudley-300x214.jpg 300w, https:\/\/featheredphotography.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/golden-eagle-5979b-ron-dudley-768x549.jpg 768w, https:\/\/featheredphotography.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/golden-eagle-5979b-ron-dudley-150x107.jpg 150w, https:\/\/featheredphotography.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/golden-eagle-5979b-ron-dudley-400x286.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Golden Eagle<\/em><\/p>\n<p>If vehicles named after birds like Plymouth Roadrunners, Buick Skylarks and Ford Falcons deserve the royal treatment of title case, I&#8217;ll be damned if I&#8217;ll write the name of this magnificent bird as golden eagle.<\/p>\n<p>On my watch it will always be Golden Eagle.<\/p>\n<p>Ron<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em>Note: Here&#8217;s another convention about writing bird names that I always stick to. If there&#8217;s a hyphen in a bird name, I never capitalize the word immediately after the hyphen. It&#8217;s Red-tailed Hawk, not Red-Tailed Hawk.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Edit: My good friend Jim DeWitt pointed out that there are a few birds (very few in North America but Black-bellied Whistling-Duck is one of them) that have two hyphenated names in their common name. When that happens, the first one isn&#8217;t capitalized but the second one is. Here&#8217;s how Jim said it.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>\u00a0&#8220;I agree with your approach, except that, along with most birding authorities, I capitalize both words in a hyphenated species second name. So Red-billed Nightingale-Thrush. In North American common bird names, the issue doesn&#8217;t occur often, but elsewhere it does. Capitalize both words in the second name.&#8221;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>I might argue that the second name shouldn&#8217;t be hyphenated but since it is, I&#8217;ll follow that convention.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>And the long and &#8220;bloody&#8221; path to getting it right. (2 photos)<\/p>\n<p> <a class=\"continue-reading-link\" href=\"https:\/\/featheredphotography.com\/blog\/2025\/02\/06\/capitalization-of-bird-names\/\"><span>Continue reading<\/span><i class=\"crycon-right-dir\"><\/i><\/a> <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":48842,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[334],"tags":[7735,153,7734,7736,7737,2588],"class_list":["post-166664","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-birds","tag-controversy-about-capitalization-of-bird-names","tag-golden-eagle","tag-how-to-capitalize-bird-common-names","tag-style-guides","tag-title-case-and-sentence-case","tag-yellow-warbler"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/featheredphotography.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/yellow-warbler-6738-ron-dudley.jpg","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p1zzJh-Hm8","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/featheredphotography.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/166664","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/featheredphotography.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/featheredphotography.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/featheredphotography.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/featheredphotography.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=166664"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/featheredphotography.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/166664\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":166702,"href":"https:\/\/featheredphotography.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/166664\/revisions\/166702"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/featheredphotography.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/48842"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/featheredphotography.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=166664"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/featheredphotography.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=166664"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/featheredphotography.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=166664"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}